Gums, also known as gingiva, are tissues of the upper and lower jaws. These surround the base of the teeth and hold them in position. Often they get infected or inflamed due to several reasons discussed further, and this condition is known as gum or periodontal disease. Gum disease is one of the most prevalent causes of tooth loss.
However, with early diagnosis, this condition can be treated effectively. dentist in Downtown Chicago provide early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan to cure gum disease.
Causes of gum disease
The most common cause of gum disease is attributed to the buildup of plaque which is a sticky form of bacteria that coats your tooth surface. Excess plaque accumulation secretes toxins that damage your gums.
Gum or periodontal disease is divided into two stages, namely:
- Gingivitis
- This is the earliest stage of gum disease
- Your gums may become red and swollen, and bleed easily while brushing or flossing
- This stage is easily reversible by proper brushing and flossing.
- Periodontitis
- If left untreated the bacteria may seep beneath your gums affecting your supporting bone.
- This stage is irreversible since the teeth become loose, fall out, or be removed by your dentist.
- Regular brushing and flossing cannot reach the plaque that is hidden within the deep pockets.
Risk factors that cause gum disease
Possible gum disease risk factors include:
- Genetics (passed down through generations)
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Poor oral hygiene
- Diabetes
- Stress
- Hormonal imbalance (during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause)
- Heart disease
- Autoimmune diseases like lupus, or scleroderma
- Medications such as steroids, cancer therapy drugs, or oral contraceptives
- Ill-fitting bridges
- Old fillings
- Crooked and misaligned teeth
Symptoms of gum disease
Gum disease leads to the following symptoms:
- Bleeding gums
- Red, purplish gums
- Tenderness or soreness
- Unpleasant taste
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Gum recession (gums that pull away from your teeth)
- Loose teeth
- A change in the way your teeth fit while biting or chewing
- Change in the fit of partial dentures
Treatment of gum disease
Treatment varies according to the stage and severity of the symptoms, which include:
- Conservative approach
- Proper brushing and flossing
- At-home periodontal trays
- Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Surgical approach
- Gum surgery (like pocket reduction surgery)
- Laser gum surgery (like Laser-assisted new attachment surgery)
- Dental implant
Takeaway
Gum disease is a common dental condition that can be reversed if detected early. Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene help maintain your oral health. Healthy oral habits and a balanced diet also contribute to a healthy and beautiful smile.